<p>The Ebenezer Maxwell House, operated today as the Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion, is a historic house located in the West Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1859 by Ebenezer Maxwell (1827–1870), a wealthy cloth merchant, for $10,000. The masonry building is two-and-a-half stories, with a three-story tower. The main roof is mansard, with slate covering. The house features three porches and four stone chimneys. The original architecture has been attributed variously to Joseph C. Hoxie (1814–1870) and Samuel Sloan. In 1965, the house was restored by the Germantown Historical Society. In 1970, a porch was removed, and in 1979–1980, a cast-iron sidewalk was moved from 1907 N. 7th St. and installed in the rear porch of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971; it is a contributing property of the Tulpehocken Station Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>House museum</h2><br>
<p>The house has been renovated to Victorian appearance and is today operated, along with its gardens, as a house museum.</p><br>
<p>The New Danube  is a side channel built 1972-88 on the eastern side of the Danube in Vienna, Austria. It was created to provide flood relief by containing excess water. The Donauinsel , made out of the removed material, separates the new waterway from the main channel of the river. The project was referred to by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme  as "the first truly multipurpose fully sustainable flood protection scheme."</p><br>
<p>The New Danube flows parallel to the river for approximately 21 km through the Vienna metropolitan area. It diverges from the main channel in Langenzersdorf in Lower Austria (northwest of the city), flows through the 21st district, and rejoins it at the Danube-Auen National Park in the 22nd district (in the southeast). The channel is about 150 m wide; the island varies between 70 and in width. The current course of the New Danube and the site of the Danube Island were previously a broad landscape of meadows set aside as a floodplain in the first effort to manage Danube floods, in 1868&ndash;75. The left, northern bank of the New Danube is protected by the Hubertus Dam (Marchfeld Protective Dam), completed in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Following disastrous flooding in Vienna in 1954, years of discussion led to a new plan for regulating the Danube involving creating a relief channel and a long barrier island. Construction began in 1972 and was completed only in 1988.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the New Danube is a weir known as the influx building (Einlaufbauwerk), which is normally closed, making the New Danube a still body of water. When the Danube rises, it is opened to relieve pressure on the river and prevent flooding. This usually leads to a ban on swimming in the New Danube lasting for as long as several weeks, until the water quality improves. Further weirs are located just upstream of the Prater Bridge (Weir 1) and on the level of the Lobau oil terminal (Weir 2), approximately 1.5 km before the New Danube rejoins the main channel.</p><br>
<p>The New Danube can be reached via U-Bahn lines U6 (Neue Donau station), U1 (Donauinsel station) and U2 (Donaustadtbrücke station), via tram line 31 across the Floridsdorf Bridge, and via various city bus lines. It has stretches suitable for regattas&mdash;in September 2009 the World Rowing Masters Regatta took place there&mdash;and a waterski lift. The best known stretch of shoreline is the Copa Cagrana, next to the Reichsbrücke. Private motorboats are not permitted on the New Danube.</p><br>
<p>The Humboldt County Courthouse is a courthouse in Dakota City, Iowa, United States, the county seat of Humboldt County, which dates from 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dakota City was established as the county seat in 1857, but a courthouse was not built until 1873. The two-story building was constructed for $5,000. Plans to build a new courthouse were defeated in 1923 when voters suspected plans to move the county seat to Humboldt.</p><br>
<p>Plans for the current courthouse were approved in 1936. The Des Moines architectural firm of Dougher, Rich & Woodburn were retained to design the building. The county applied to the Public Works Administration, or PWA, to assist with the funding. The grant was approved in 1937. The contract to build the building was given to Holtze Construction Co. of Sioux City, Iowa. The cornerstone was laid on April 30, 1938, and the new building was dedicated on February 25, 1939. The courthouse was built for $185,000. Iowa Supreme Court Justice Richard Mitchell delivered the main address at an open house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a symmetrical façade with a central section that is flanked by two lower sections. The exterior is composed of buff colored brick and Bedford limestone trim. It is three-stories tall and built on a raised basement. On the interior the central corridors extend the length of the building with the county offices opening onto the corridors. The building features multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tiles. The court room was originally decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>Tolch Rock is a summit in the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, United States. It is located 0.5 mi west of Mendenhall Lake and 10 mi northwest of the city of Juneau. The name was published by the United States Geological Survey in 1962 and entered into the Geographic Names Information System on March 31, 1981.</p><br>
<p>Originally known as "Big Rock" it was named for W. T. Tolch in 1923, who brought the Boy Scouts of America to Juneau. Today the rock is at the end of a trail of the same name; the trail is managed by the United States Forest Service. A rededication occurred in 2000, and the rock is also the site of a commemorative plaque.</p><br>
<p>Tolch Rock is a large boulder, composed of granite and described as rectangular and "erratic", with young trees growing on its surface. An active nest of northern goshawk was noted on the rock in 1999, and adults at the site were radiotagged; no activity was noted in 2000 or 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Corydon Brown House is a house in Dakota City, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1978. Brown was a miller, and the house was a social hub for many years.</p><br>
<h2>Early Days of the House</h2><br>
<p>Corydon Brown, a member of a well-to-do family in Syracuse, New York, decided to move to Dakota City, Iowa in the 1860s. Browns wife did not want to leave the comforts of the city for the hard prairie living that was guaranteed in Iowa. Brown, without his wife, took a train to Dubuque, Iowa, a stagecoach to Fort Dodge, Iowa, and followed a Native American horse trail north to Dakota City. When Brown reached Dakota City, he found men living in log cabins and caves near the Des Moines River. Brown purchased over 600 acres of prairie, and began to build a home using area clay for bricks and limestone. Browns wife said she would move to Iowa only when she could move into a house of comparable quality, and after eleven years, she followed her husband to the prairie.</p><br>
<h2>The Browns' move on</h2><br>
<p>Corydon and his wife lived in the house for eleven years until following one of their five children to Des Moines, Iowa. As tradition dictated, the eldest son took over the property. However, he did not want to live on a farm, so the property was passed to the second-eldest son. The property was sold to another family, and was later converted to apartments. A buyer purchased the farmland and apartments, but did not use the house. The formerly stately home was used as a dumping ground by neighbors.</p><br>
<h2>Donation</h2><br>
<p>The grounds were donated to the Humboldt County Historical Association. It was renovated, and many other historical buildings have been moved to the site, now named the Humboldt County Mill Farm Historical Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Corydon Brown House is vernacular form of Italianate residential architecture. The two-story brick structure measures 30 by. The bricks for the house were manufactured on site. The house features a bracketed cornice on the front and side elevations, and brick quoining on the corners, and two porches with flat roofs and narrow wooden posts.</p><br>
<p>The North Main Street School is located on that street  in Spring Valley, New York, United States. It is a brick Colonial Revival building erected in the early 20th century in response to a rapidly increasing school population. Several times since then, it has been expanded. It remained in active use until the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>It is an intact example of one of the early modern schools in the region. A proposal to demolish it in the mid-1980s met with widespread public opposition, and it has since been reused as a satellite campus of Rockland Community College. In 2008 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The school is located on a 2.5 acre lot on the west side of North Main a half-mile (1 km) north of downtown Spring Valley, at the southwest corner with Linden Avenue and opposite Ewing Avenue. The area is heavily developed, with most of the nearby properties along North Main being similarly large commercial or institutional buildings such as the Salvation Army building to the south and the large strip mall to the northeast. To the north and west, along Linden and South Orchard Street respectively, there are houses.</p><br>
<p>Along the east (front) side of the building is a broad lawn with mature trees and a sidewalk. Parking lots fill out the property on the south and west. Sidewalks line North Main and Linden.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-story square-shaped brick building with an enclosed courtyard in the middle. The main block, oriented north-south along North Main, has a side-gabled roof shingled in asphalt, pierced by engaged brick chimneys at the ends and aluminum air handlers in the middle. A central pavilion projects slightly from the facade. Similarly treated wings project to the west from its north and south ends. A single-story flat-roofed west wing forms the southwest corner of the courtyard.</p><br>
<p>The brick is generally laid in Flemish bond. Quoins five courses high accentuate the outer corners. Stacked bond and double rowlocks accentuate the window openings on the first and second stories, with the bricks between the window spans slightly recessed. The smaller exposed basement windows have brick lintels and concrete sills.</p><br>
<p>Stone is used for the water table, except on the chimneys where it is replaced by stacked brick, and the sills on the upper windows. A cornerstone at the northeast reads "1916". The window strips themselves, trimmed in wood, are units of five tall four-over-four double-hing sash windows on the upper two stories and shorter two-over-two at the basement. The northernmost window unit on the basement has been bricked in.</p><br>
<p>The pavilion is flanked by identical entrance porticos. The entrances themselves have cast stone surrounds with Tuscan columns and open pediments with partial returns. Concrete steps with cast iron railings lead up to a pair of double glazed doors topped by a leaded glass fanlight. Fenestration above the entrances consists of tripartite windows o two-over-two flanked by one-over-one, with narrow one-over-one in the space between those windows and the pavilion corners in order to illuminate an interior stairwell. Brick between the stories is in a herringbone pattern.</p><br>
<p>The pavilion is topped by a pediment above the molded raking cornice which marks the roofline. It has an oculus with rowlocks and keystones in the middle. Below it are window strips similar to the large ones on either side. A balcony supported by brackets with wrought iron balustrade decorated with the script letters "S" and "V" projects from the first story.</p><br>
<p>Other than small three-over-three windows flanking the chimneys at the basement level, there are no windows on either north or south elevation. The rear of the main block is now one of the courtyard walls. It is now bowed, with a shed roof projecting from the first story.</p><br>
<p>The two wings are similar to the main block in materials, decoration and fenestration. Their rear elevations, now facing onto the courtyard, have paired and single two-over-two windows shorter at the basement. An engaged elevator tower rises from the north wing&#39;s rear at the northwest corner of the courtyard. It is constructed of masonry block painted to match the brick.</p><br>
<p>On the west elevation of the west wing are Palladian windows with fluted pilasters dividing the taller windows from the shorter ones. Its entrance, on the small north arm, has a glass door with a curved broken pediment and sidelight. The roof parapet is topped by brown stone coping.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Much of the interiors finishes are original. Some changes have been made to the layout with the addition of the other wings, or to create a library through the removal of partitions on the first floor of the main block. The hallways have linoleum floors and dark red brick wainscoting to a height of five feet (5 ft). Above them are plaster walls. The basement kitchen has its original ceramic tile walls and stainless steel trim. A commemorative plaque is located in the north corridor of that wing with the names of the school board, staff, architects and contractor from that wings construction. The rooms combined into a library feature crown molding and a fireplace in an alcove with a frieze depicting geese. A wooden mantle with decorative molding and modillions spans the fireplace and flanks the recessed bookshelves.</p><br>
<p>The Palladian windows light the gym, also used for assemblies, with its original hardwood floor. The stage has its original red velvet curtain, with elaborate moldings on the sides. It is topped with a molded broken pediment decorated with grillwork and urn-shaped finials.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Following decades of growth after the New York and Erie Railroad was opened through the area in 1841, Spring Valley was incorporated as a village in 1902. By then it was the second-most populous place in the county. Growth continued, and by 1915 the local schools were overcrowded to the point that students were taking classes in the local firehouse.</p><br>
<p>A special meeting was held late that year to resolve the situation. It ended with a vote to create an eight-room grammar school on the north side of the village. Almost one-tenth of the estimated $35,000 ($ in contemporary dollars.) cost went to acquiring the land. Architect Ernest Sibley of New Jersey was commissioned to design the building, and the present main block was opened a year later. Depending on the schedule, its four classrooms housed either kindergarten through fourth grade or four kindergarten and first grade classes.</p><br>
<p>Two purchases of adjoining parcels from the original landowners made it possible for the school district to expand the school in 1930 with eight new classrooms, the auditorium and cafeteria in the north wing. Tooker & Marsh of New York City were the architects this time, producing a structure compatible with the main block. The south wing came almost three decades later, after Spring Valley&#39;s schools, once again facing an influx of students with the suburbanization of the area after construction of the Tappan Zee Bridge and the post–World War II baby boom, were consolidated into the Ramapo Central School District No. 2 in 1952. Schofield & Cogan designed the south wing, which opened in 1957, and more land was purchased to accommodate future expansions, if necessary.</p><br>
<p>Enrollment peaked in 1971, and what was now the East Ramapo Central School District sold the building to the county six years later for use by Rockland Community College. It was renamed the Spring Valley Learning Center. In 1986, the county legislature recommended that the building, called a "white elephant" with little usable space by one college administrator, be demolished and replaced with a newer, smaller building. Public outcry instead led the county to remodel it at a cost of $1.9 million, and it reopened in 1993 with a new heating system and without the asbestos in its walls and ceilings.</p><br>
<p>The Sheldon Inn is a two-story apartment building located at 44134 Michigan Avenue, in Sheldon Corners in Canton Township, Michigan. It was previously used as a single-family home and a travelers&#39; inn. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sheldon Inn was built by Timothy and Rachel Sheldon. The couple moved from Monroe County, New York, with all their possessions in a wagon. They had intended to settle further to the west, but when they camped for the night on the Chicago Road, two days from Detroit, they were impressed with the surrounding area and decided to settle there in Canton Township. On June 6, 1825, the couple purchased 160 acre near their overnight camping spot, including the property on which this building now sits. They were the third landowners in Sheldon Township, filing their claim only a week after the first two.</p><br>
<p>The Sheldons built a Greek Revival home on their land, and the building almost immediately became an inn, serving the influx of travellers and settlers spreading westward from Detroit. The Sheldons farmed the surrounding land, and soon the hamlet of Sheldon Corners grew around the inn.</p><br>
<p>Be it enacted by the Legistative Council of the Territory of Michigan, That there shall be a territorial road laid out and established commencing in the Chicago Road, at or near the Inn of Timothy S. Sheldon, in the township of Plymouth, in the county of Wayne, thence west on the most direct and eligible route, through the village of Ann Arbor, by Samuel Clements&#39; to Grand River, where the St. Joseph Trail crosses the same, and also through the Coghwagiac and Grand praries, thence westerly on the most eligible route to, or near the Paw Paw, to the mouth of the St. Joseph River of Lake Michigan...</p><br>
<p>In 1830, Timothy Sheldon became postmaster of the area&#39;s post office, and the next year, Rachel Sheldon purchased an additional 80 acre adjacent to this property. The hamlet eventually boasted a log schoolhouse, two general stores, two churches, a cemetery, a cobbler and three blacksmiths.</p><br>
<p>The Sheldons added a one-story wing to the house in the 1830s for an unmarried sister.</p><br>
<p>The former Sheldon Inn is now a two-unit apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sheldon Inn is a two-story, side-gable Greek Revival house located on a 1/4 acre lot, and sitting a few feet behind what was once its original location. The house has been altered since its construction, but still exhibits the Greek Revival cornice return detail on the side gable. The 1830s one-story addition is still extant, and a porch running the width of the house was added in the 1930s. Two small additions are located in the rear.</p><br>
<p>The Gállego is a river in Aragon, Spain, one of the main tributaries of the Ebro River. It has a watershed of over 4,000 km&sup2, with a total length of 193.2 km.</p><br>
<p>The river has its source at 2,200 m in Col d&#39;Aneu, Pyrenees, not far from the Col du Pourtalet. It then flows in the Tena Valley through the municipalities of Sallent de Gállego, Panticosa and Biescas. Starting from Sabiñánigo it forms a wide elbow until Triste, from which it continues in its primitive north-south direction until flowing into the Ebro near Zaragoza.</p><br>
<p>The main tributaries of the Gállego in its upper basin are the Aguas Limpias, Caldarés, Escarra, Lana Mayor and Aurín. In the medium and lower basin, they include Guarga, Seco, Asabón and Sotón.</p><br>
<p>The river&#39;s waters are subject to extensive regulation and derivation during its course, thus when it flows into the Ebro its discharge is just some 10 percent of its natural discharge.</p><br>
<p>This river gives its name to the Alto Gállego comarca of Aragon.</p><br>
<p>Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel Number 15 is a carousel built in 1907 by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company and moved several times. Since 2009, it has been in storage in Portland, Oregon. It measures 48 feet in diameter and has a 26-foot center pole. It has 56 jumping horses carved from basswood in four rows.</p><br>
<p>The carousel was originally set up at Fort George Amusement Park in Fort George, New York. In 1917, the park closed and the carousel moved to the new Summit Beach Amusement Park in Akron, Ohio. In 1958, Summit Beach closed and the carousel moved to State Fair Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and later to DandiLion Park in Muskego, Wisconsin, where it remained until the park closed in 1976. In 1986, it was moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, for Expo &#39;86. In 1990, the carousel was moved to the Puente Hills Mall in City of Industry, California. In 1998, The carousel was moved and reinstalled one last time in 1998 to the new Palisades Center Mall in West Nyack, New York. In May 2009, mall management announced that the carousel would be disassembled and removed by June 14, 2009. In fall 2009, the carousel was replaced with a modern, two-floor, Venetian carousel made by Bertazzon of Italy and owned by Island Carousels.</p><br>
<p>The carousel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, removed in 1984 when it was moved outside the United States, and readded in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Shenandoah Caverns is a commercial show cave in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Shenandoah Caverns is the only cavern in Virginia that has elevator access.</p><br>
<p>The Shenandoah Caverns has a mile-long guided tour. Seventeen "rooms" of connecting chambers are traveled through during this time. Geological formations have been named: the Diamond Cascade, the Grotto of the Gods, the Rainbow Lake, the Oriental Tea Garden, and the Capitol Dome, and these are lighted for display. The "bacon" formations were featured in a 1964 issue of National Geographic Magazine. The caverns&#39; temperature naturally remains at 54 degrees year round.</p><br>
<p>History</p><br>
<p>Shenandoah Caverns was discovered in 1884 during the building of the Southern Railway through the Shenandoah Valley. Many local farmers, including Abraham Neff, donated stone from their property to the building of the railroad. The Neff family allowed the railroad to quarry rock on their property, adjacent to where the railroad was built. Neff&#39;s two sons were playing in quarry when they discovered cool air rising from a hole in the ground. Their curiosity peaked, the boys retrieved ropes and candles and scrambled down the 275 foot twisting and winding shaft to make their way into the caverns.</p><br>
<p>The railway was instrumental to the opening of Shenandoah Caverns. A local businessman in Woodstock, Hunter Chapman, was a stockholder in the B&O railroad. When he heard about the railroad going through, and the discovery of the caverns, he saw an opportunity to open an attraction on the railway. He approached Abraham Neff and asked him to sell his property, which he did. In 1922 Chapman opened Shenandoah Caverns, with a full service hotel on the second and third floors. The passenger train ran until after WWII.</p><br>
<p>The caverns was sold to H. B. Long in 1954. In 1957 during a remodeling project the caverns lodge caught fire and destroyed the top two floors. In the 1990s the second floor of the caverns lodge was renovated and Main Street of Yesteryear opened in 1996.</p><br>
<p>In 1966 Earl C. Hargrove, Jr., owner of Hargrove, Inc. in Lanham, Maryland, purchased Shenandoah Caverns. Mr. Hargroves company was responsible for the creation of parade floats and props for every Inaugural since Trumans in 1949, as well as Miss America Pageants, Philadelphia Thanksgiving Day Parades, and many other national celebrations. To display retired parade floats, American Celebration on Parade was opened in 2000 on the Shenandoah Caverns property. In 2007 Hargrove opened the Yellow Barn to showcase his antique carriages and farm equipment, as well as to be a wedding and special events venue.</p><br>
<p>Caverns Formation</p><br>
<p>The Shenandoah Valley is underlain with limestone and also has karst topography, forming caves throughout the region. Rainwater becomes slightly acidic as it seeps through the soil. The acid slowly erodes the calcium carbonate, the main component of limestone, creating caves, sinkholes and springs throughout the landscape. There are many cave and caverns throughout the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Edgehill Mountain is one of the 46 hills of the City and County of San Francisco, California, located in the United States of America.</p><br>
<p>This hill is part of a western greenbelt that connects Mount Davidson, Hawk Hill, Twin Peaks, and the area around Laguna Honda Reservoir, which all run on the crest of a ridge of hill tops through the center of the city. The neighborhood surrounding the hill boasts a small park by the same name.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area of land comprising the hill top was once part of Adolph Sutros San Miguel Ranch. This property was sold after Sutros death in 1898. This area of land then became one of the citys first subdivisions, known as Claremont Court, after which houses were built on the mountains western and southern slopes. Major problems with building on this land began in 1952 and 1953 when winter rains caused part of Edgehill Way, and one home on it, to slide down the mountain side. Edgehill Mountain Park was established in 1985 when the city purchased 1 acre of the mountains undeveloped, western slope and designated the area an Open Space Park. One of the hills slopes located above some newly constructed homes collapsed during a rainstorm in 1997, causing mud and rock to cascade onto the houses below.</p><br>
<p>Buxton Glacier is a glacier flowing northeast between Heaney Glacier and Cook Glacier, on the north coast of the island of South Georgia, immediately south of Mount Skittle. The terminus of Buxton Glacier is located at Saint Andrews Bay. Buxton Glacier is close to Ross Glacier, which is leaving a gravel beach in the wake of its retreat.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>Buxton Glacier was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1987 after three members of the Buxton family: Major Aubrey Leland Oakes Buxton (Baron Buxton of Alsa), Pamela Mary Birkin (Baroness Buxton of Alsa), and their daughter the Hon. Lucinda Catherine (Cindy) Buxton, FRGS, who visited South Georgia in March 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>There is a king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) rookery near the terminus of Buxton Glacier at Saint Andrews Bay. This breeding colony has more than 100,000 penguins. Because of the long breeding cycle, the colony is continuously occupied.</p><br>
<p>Wantagh Railroad Complex , is a collection of old buildings in Wantagh, New York. It consists of the 1885-built Wantagh Railroad Station before it was moved from its original location in 1966, when the Babylon Branch was being elevated throughout the mid-20th century. The station itself was a replacement for original South Side Railroad of Long Island station built in 1867. It also includes a diamond-shaped pre-crossbuck railroad crossing sign, and an old grade crossing gate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the mid-20th century, the Long Island Rail Road was reconstructing the Atlantic and Babylon Branches in Queens, Nassau, and Western Suffolk Counties, which required elevating the lines and rebuilding new stations. In addition, since the mid-1950s Victorian-era stations throughout the system were being torn down and replaced either with modern ones, such as Douglaston station, or sheltered shacks like the controversial Amagansett station. Fearing that Wantagh Station would face the same fate, the Wantagh Preservation Society was established in 1965 for the purpose of maintaining the station in its existing condition and location. Though they failed to keep it along the tracks, the station was still preserved. It was moved a few blocks north to the site of an old neighborhood amusement park in 1966 and restored through 1969. In 1972, the LIRR donated the 1912-built parlor car called "The Jamaica" to the museum, which contained a solarium, cooking facilities and an ice-cooled air conditioning system. Across from the station is a 1907-built post office shack that served as Wantagh&#39;s official post office until the mid-1920s. In 1982, the station was opened to the public as a museum, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15, also known as the Tecumseh Railroad Bridge due to its close proximity to the city of Tecumseh, is a historic railway deck truss bridge that spans the River Raisin in rural Raisin Charter Township in Lenawee County, Michigan. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Palmyra and Jacksonburgh Railroad was organized in the 1830s as a branch of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad. Both railroads failed in the late 1830s, and the lines were leased to the Michigan Southern Railway (later the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway). In about 1890, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern contracted the Union Bridge Company of Athens, Pennsylvania to fabricate trusses for a bridge on the original Erie & Kalamazoo line. In 1896, they reused these trusses, along with new steel plate girder spans were fabricated by the Detroit Bridge & Iron Works and the Toledo Bridge Company to fabricate this bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway was later absorbed into other railroads, and in 1982 Conrail abandoned the branch on which this bridge sits. The Southern Michigan Railroad Society purchased the Jackson Branch and the bridge in 1985, and operates historic trains on the bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 254-foot-10½-inch-long (77.7 m) four-span bridge carries a single track over the River Raisin. The railway sits 40 ft above the river&#39;s surface. The closest road to the bridge is North Raisin Center Highway approximately 250 ft east of the bridge. The area is heavily wooded, and the bridge cannot be seen from the roadway during the summer months. Access to the bridge is strictly prohibited, however it can be crossed via passenger train.</p><br>
<p>The bridge consists of a Pratt deck truss span 116 feet in length, with pinned connections and inclined end posts, spanning the river; along with two deck plate girder spans, each 44 feet in length, at one end; and a third deck plate girder span, 50 feet in length, at the other. The bridge is supported by ashlar abutments and piers. The bridge deck is 10 feet wide, and is constructed of 8X8 timbers.</p><br>
<p>The John Pennington–Henry Ford House, also known as the John Banks House, is a private residence located at 8281 Clinton Macon Road in Macon Township in the northeast corner of Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on September 17, 1974 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1829, John and Hannah Pennington moved from Perinton, New York to this location in Michigan. At the time, the Penningtons were the only settlers between Tecumseh and Saline. They built a shanty and began clearing the land. That fall they built a log cabin. More settlers soon arrived, and a small settlement sprang up.</p><br>
<p>Some time around 1845, the Penningtons built this house. They continued to live here until Johns death in 1883 and Hannahs soon after. At that time, John M. Pennington, the couple&#39;s son, moved into the house. John M. Pennington died in 1929, and the house has soon purchased by automotive magnate Henry Ford, who purchased and restored the property in the 1930s. He used the surrounding farmland to conduct experiments on soybeans. Ford later sold the property, and it remains privately owned.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a symmetric two-story Greek Revival farmhouse with a recessed, pillared porch on the ground level. Single-story wings extend to each side of the main section. The house is sided with narrow boards, and sits on a fieldstone foundation.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house contains a pantry and three bedrooms on the ground floor, and one large bedroom on the second floor. Bathrooms were added at a later date. The interior has oak floors and black walnut woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Adrian Commercial Historic District is a historic district comprising the downtown area of Adrian, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site and added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 1986. Most of the district is enclosed by the US-223 Business Route, although the two are not conterminous.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adrian was first settled in 1826 by Addison J. Comstock, building a group of cabins at this site. Comstock built a sawmill, and in 1828 platted the first section of the city, nearly all of which in included in the current historic district. Both residences and commercial buildings were constructed on the area, with the first commercial enterprise, Dr. E. Conant Winter&#39;s dry goods store, opening in 1829. As Adrian grew, the earliest frame buildings were displaced by the growing commercial district. In 1838, Adrian became the county seat, creating a legal and financial sector within the district. A number of banks opened their doors in the mid 19th century.</p><br>
<p>By the latter part of the century, development in the downtown district reached its peak. A new courthouse was constructed in 1884 (just outside the district), and Adrian was the commercial supply center for the surrounding agricultural area. By 1900, the growth of the central business district had slowed, leaving a district that has changed little in the years since. Although many of the storefronts have been altered, some buildings demolished, and a few new buildings added, downtown Adrian is a remarkably intact representation of what the area looked like over a century ago.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Downtown Adrian Commercial Historic District contains 102 structures, of which 84 contribute to the historical character of the district. The buildings within the district are a mix of Federal, Greek Revival, and Late Victorian architecture. The oldest buildings within the district today date back to 1865; the majority were built between 1865–1920. Most of the buildings are two- and three-story commercial structures, but some churches, government buildings, and other social structures (such as the Adrian Union Hall-Croswell Opera House and Clark Memorial Hall, both individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places) are included.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the buildings in the district are Italianate in style, with the finest example being the highly detailed Clark Memorial Hall, with its eclectic limestone and metal facade. Older architectural styles are also represented, such as the three-story brick Federal style Lathrop Block at 128 E. Maumee. Greek Revival is also represented, including the large three-story masonry Greek Revival Underwood Block at 101 E. Maumee and two early churches: the 1837 First Baptist Church at 119 N. Broad, and the 1842 First United Presbyterian Church. A few Revival buildings exist in the district, and some of the latest additions include the 1905 YMCA building at 146-150 S. Main, which is a hybrid composition with Richardsonian and Classical elements; the 1925 Tudor Adrian Armory at 230 W. Maumee; and the 1924 Neoclassical Masonic Temple at 160 E. Maumee.</p><br>
<p>St. Sebastian&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Marion Township, Mercer County, Ohio, United States. Located in the unincorporated community of Sebastian, it is the home of an active congregation and has been declared a historic site because of its well-preserved early twentieth-century Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>Dedicated to third-century martyr Saint Sebastian, the parish was established in 1852 from territory that had been part of St. Rose and St. John the Baptist parishes. By the end of the following year, its members constructed a church building that would serve the parish for twenty-five years; a frame structure, it was built under the direction of an African American man named Coratus. This structure served the parish until a replacement brick church was completed in October 1879; a rectangle measuring 45 ft by 85 ft, it cost $4,000 to build and was considered by some to be the finest church in Mercer County. Anton DeCurtins was instrumental in this building&#39;s history: he designed it, added its pipe organ, and expanded it in 1894.</p><br>
<p>Some of the parishs members lived in the village of Chickasaw, Unrest between the Catholics of Chickasaw and the parishs other members culminated with the destruction of the church: on January 12, 1903, soon after many of the Chickasaw parishioners separated from St. Sebastian&#39;s, the church and its contents were burned to the ground. In the aftermath of the fire, an investigation was conducted under the supervision of Archbishop Elder. Although the fire was deemed suspicious, a separate parish was created in Chickasaw as a result of the fire, while St. Sebastian parish began the construction of a new church in 1904; it remains standing today.</p><br>
<p>Since its creation, St. Sebastians has been ministered to by priests of the Society of the Precious Blood. Today, St. Sebastians remains an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is part of the Marion Catholic Community cluster, along with Precious Blood parish in Chickasaw, Nativity of the Blessed Virgin parish in Cassella, St. Rose parish in St. Rose, and St. John the Baptist parish in Maria Stein. The entire cluster is a part of the St. Marys Deanery.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Andrew DeCurtins, Antons son, was chosen as the architect for the new structure; he employed stone for the foundation, pressed brick (laid in a stretcher bond) for the walls, and slates for the roof. The entire building is a very tall structure; its vertical features are highlighted by elements such as the sandstone trim on the buttresses. Although the building is only one story high, it includes a tall steeple with a belfry and topped with a four-sided spire. Worshippers enter the building through a doorway in the towers base; the transom features tracery crowned with sandstone. Inside, the church is equipped with a basement, while its most impressive feature is a vaulted ceiling decorated with multiple High Gothic Revival reredos. A rectangle 113 ft long and 52 ft wide, the church was built on the site of the previous structure.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians have divided the Precious Blood-related churches of western Ohio into four generations. St. Sebastian&#39;s is typical of the churches of the third generation, which are generally Gothic Revival structures with a single central tower. It is one of six extant churches from this period that were designed by the DeCurtins family.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding areas</h2><br>
<p>During the early years of the twentieth century, the Archdiocese of Cincinnati required each parish to construct a rectory for its parish priest.</p><br>
<p>Some areas of lesser-used land border the church. A parish cemetery is located nearby, while the distance between the front door and Sebastian Road is lined with small trees. The community of Sebastian is very small, causing the church to appear almost as if it were alone in the countryside. Among the few nearby buildings is an old house located adjacent to the church property&#39;s eastern boundary; it is believed to have been built during the 1850s as a general store.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>St. Sebastian&#39;s Church was recorded by a historic preservation program, the Ohio Historic Inventory, in 1977. This architectural survey ranked both the church and the rectory in good condition without any significant threats to their historic integrity, and the church was deemed eligible for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. Both buildings were listed together on the Register in 1979, along with over thirty other properties in far western Ohio related to the Society of the Precious Blood. Many of these buildings were churches or rectories, including at least one building owned by each of the six parishes in the Marion Catholic Community. The tall Gothic Revival architecture of many churches in this part of far western Ohio has become the namesake of this region, which is nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>Bertie Memorial Hospital is a critical access hospital located in Windsor, North Carolina. It is a part of Vidant Health. The original hospital opened in 1952 with Hill-Burton Act funding. It is a three-story, masonry, International Style building with a flat roof. It closed temporarily in 1985 and underwent several turnovers in management. Vidant Health took over management in 1998 and provided money for a new hospital in September 2001. The hospital was the first in the nation constructed according to Critical Access Hospital standards. The federal Office of Rural Health Policy has designated it a national model for Critical Access Hospital construction. The hospital concentrates on same-day services. It has six general hospital beds.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Saint Michael and All Angels Episcopal Church is a historic church located in rural Cambridge Township in northwestern Lenawee County, Michigan. The church was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on October 2, 1980. On February 4, 2004, the church, along with the adjacent Cambridge Township Cemetery, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Saint Michael and All Angels Episcopal Church is a small church located at 11646 Old Monroe Pike Road near the junction of M-50 and USA Route 12. The church is active and is part of the Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. The Cambridge Township Cemetery is located next to the church. While the church is privately owned, the cemetery is owned by the township.</p><br>
<p>The church is a red brick Gothic Revival building with a gable roof, a fieldstone foundations, and a square-plan tower projecting from the center of the front facade. Three pointed-arch windows filled with stained glass are in the walls of the tower; more similar windows line each side, and an additional one is in the rear. The tower is topped with a pyramid-roof wood belfry. The entrance is through a double door within a pointed arch in the base of the tower, and is reached via shirt staircases leading to a platform.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the entry leads to a small vestibule with a flagstone floor. From the vestibule another set of double doors leads to the nave. The nave has white plaster walls and ceiling, and a linoleum covered floor. Eleven rows of pews are set on each side of a central aisle.</p><br>
<p>The nearby cemetery contains a variety of large, old trees that are randomly located through the area. A lane encircles the cemetery. Grave markers include a variety of nineteenth and twentieth-century monuments and memorials typical for the time and place. The earliest monuments are white marble slabs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cambridge Township was established in 1835, soon after the area was opened up by the construction of the Chicago Road. As European settlers moved in, a small hamlet soon formed in this general area, known as "Cambridge Junction." In 1838, the township purchased a small plot of land, only 132 feet by 165 feet, for use as a cemetery. Another small plot was added later, and a final two acres was added to the cemetery in 1863. Some of the township&#39;s earliest pioneers are buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The church, located adjacent to the cemetery, dates back to 1840, when the Rev. William Narcissus Lyster was invited to preach to hold religious services in the area. A small parish was formed in 1843, but soon lapsed. In 1854, the St. Michael&#39;s and All Angels parish was reorganized, and plans were made to construct a church, The parish obtained land in 1855, and construction soon began. The first service in the completed church was held on October 31, 1858. The tower was rebuilt in the 1870s, and a parish hall was added in 1956. The church is still used by the St. Michael & All Angels Episcopal Church congregation.</p><br>
<p>The Gjelsvik Mountains are a group of mountains about 25 nmi long, between the Sverdrup Mountains and the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 2,705 m, the massive Risemedet Mountain forms the highest point in these mountains, also marking their eastern end.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>The Gjelsvik Mountains were first photographed from the air and roughly plotted by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). They were mapped in detail by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59). They were named for Tore Gjelsvik, Director of the Norwegian Polar Institute.</p><br>
<p>The Sparkill Creek Drawbridge is a historic Pratt Pony Truss drawbridge located at Piermont in Rockland County, New York. It was built in 1880 by the King Iron Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio, and is a single-leaf movable metal bridge. Chains can lift the bridge when an operator turns a crank, helped by counterweights. It spans Sparkill Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 1994.</p><br>
<p>A complete dismantling and restoration for $900,000 was completed in 2009 and the bridge now serves as solely a pedestrian bridge. The Rockland County Highway Department was responsible for this historic restoration.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Falls Village Hall is located on Main Street in Highland Falls, New York, United States. It is a three story Italianate-style brick buildings erected about 1894.</p><br>
<p>Originally it housed a bank for many years. It became the village hall in 1967. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The village hall is located at the southwest corner of the intersection of Main Street and Schneider Avenue in the densely developed downtown section of Highland Falls. It is a three-story, nine-by-nine-bay brick structure with a flat roof. There are glass storefronts at street level north of the centrally located main entrance, round-arched and supported by fluted pilasters.</p><br>
<p>A dentiled cornice separates the first and second stories. The windows on the second and third stories are framed by projecting round brick arches, with the southernmost bays on both stories bricked in. Pilasters run the full height of the building to triangular brick corbels below a slightly elevated bracketed cornice. The north elevation, along Schneider, has similar windows, with the first floor&#39;s offset slightly to the west to accommodate one of the storefronts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The exact year of the building&#39;s construction, and its original purpose, is not known. A brick building is shown at the site on maps from 1859 and 1875, but not 1891. The local tax assessor dates the building to 1894.</p><br>
<p>In 1907 records show that a Mr. Kreutz sold the building to the First National Bank of Highland Falls. At that time alterations were made to the exterior. Storefronts were added and the southernmost upper windows bricked in.</p><br>
<p>Later First National became part of Marine Midland Bank. In 1967 the village acquired the property. It has used it ever since, without any significant alterations.</p><br>
<p>The house at 365 Main Street, formerly 116 Main Street in Highland Falls, New York, United States, is an Italian Villa style building dating to the mid-19th century. It may have originally been built as the rectory for the nearby Church of the Holy Innocents.</p><br>
<p>It is considered the most accomplished house in that style in the village. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with over 50 other historic properties in the Hudson Highlands.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is on a small lot on the east side of Main north of Cozzens Avenue, just north of downtown. Across Main and West Point Highway is the Thayer Hotel and other buildings and parking lots associated with the United States Military Academy. To the north is Holy Innocents&#39; current Tudorbethan rectory. Tall trees screen the house slightly from the house on the corner just to the south. More houses are located to the east.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-story clapboard-sided frame structure on a stone foundation. A projecting three-story tower with brick chimney rises from the northeast corner. The main block has a shallow pitched side-gabled roof. A flat-roofed veranda with three Doric columns and a plain rail is on the south. On the west is a sympathetic newer extension, with a similar extension on its own west.</p><br>
<p>Both the main entrance and the window above it have flat-roofed hoods, the lower one supported by console brackets with pendants. A projecting bay window is on the south of the main entrance, with another on the south facade west of the veranda. All rooflines and cornices save the veranda and the hood on the main entrance have a simple cut molding.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the 1860s. Its earliest recorded owner is a "J.W." in 1875. In 1891 a map shows it as part of the Holy Innocents&#39; property; its proximity to the current rectory suggests it may have been used in that capacity at that time.</p><br>
<p>At some point later the two rear wings were built. It has remained largely intact otherwise. In the late 20th century, after it had been listed on the National Register, the streets in Highland Falls were renumbered for 9-1-1 purposes and it became 365 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The house at 20 Center Street, formerly 37 Center Street, in Highland Falls, New York, United States is a frame house built in the mid-19th century in the Greek Revival architectural style.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the few Greek Revival houses, and the highest in style, in the Hudson Highlands. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the east side of Center Street, a half-block north of Mountain Avenue (state highway NY 218) and a block west of downtown Highland Falls. To the north and south are other houses, many dating from the same era or earlier, albeit modified over time. On the west of the street the ground rises to athletic fields and then Highland Falls Middle School. It is on a small lot with a picket fence along the sidewalk</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a five-by-two-bay two-and-a-half-story clapboard-sided house on a fieldstone foundation. Atop is a side-gabled roof with asphalt shingles pierced by brick chimneys at either end. A full-length porch with decorative piers and railing is on the first story of the west (front) facade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house is first recorded on an 1875 map with the initials "BK", for Bernard Kenney, its owner. Its minimal architectural detailing, particular the plain sills and lintels, link it to other nearby houses in the area built around 1850 or earlier, the oldest grouping of houses in the village. The house at 20 Center Street stands out because no other Greek Revival house in the Hudson Highlands expresses the style so fully.</p><br>
<p>It has remained a private residence since the time of its construction. Few changes have been made to it. The front picket fence was added since 1982, and it became 20 Center Street at the end of the 20th century when many streets in the county were renumbered for 9-1-1 service.</p><br>
<p>Perućac Lake  is an artificial lake on the Drina River, on the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It was created in 1966, by damming the river as part of the Bajina Bašta hydroelectric power plant project. The lake occupies a natural bend of the river, which encircles the Tara mountain, between towns of Višegrad in Bosnia and Bajina Bašta in Serbia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake was created by damming the Drina River and harnessing its flow to power the Bajina Bašta hydroelectric power station. The lake was named after the village of Perućac, close to the dam. The medieval necropolis of Mramorje is located near the lake. As one of the most important stećci complex in Serbia, it has been protected by the state as the Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance.</p><br>
<p>The Bajina Bašta hydro-electric power plant, the second largest of its kind in Serbia, was built in 1966 as a result of a joint venture by Yugoslavian and Japanese companies. Between 1976 and 1983 a reversible pumping station was built, which was the second phase of the project. Excess electrical power produced during the rain season was used to pump water from the lake to hilltop of the Tara mountain, some 600 metres above. To hold this water and act as a reservoir for the Bajina Bašta II plant an artificial lake, Zaovine Lake, was created up in the mountains by damming the Beli Rzav river.</p><br>
<p>During the summer days, Lake Perućac is the place where many of the residents of the surrounding area and the town of Bajina Bašta come to sunbathe, swim and fish.</p><br>
<p>The lake is notorious as one of the locations in Serbia where the transported remains of Kosovo Albanians killed during the 1999 conflict were concealed. In August 2010, it became the site of a forensic operation to retrieve the bodies of Bosniak victims of the 1992 Višegrad massacres.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located at an altitude of 290 m and the majority of the lake is within the canyon of the Drina which begins 7 km upstream of the dam. The lake occupies a natural bend of the river, between Bajina Bašta and Višegrad, which encircles the Tara mountain.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir covers and area of 12.4 km&sup2; with the volume of 340,000,000 m&sup3;. It is 54 km long, 150 to 1,000 m wide and up to 60 m deep.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fish species living in the lake include wels catfish, huchen, common barbel, European chub, common nase, tench and cactus roach.</p><br>
<h2>Mass grave investigations</h2><br>
<p>A mass grave containing upwards of 48 bodies and possibly more than 60 was discovered near the lake in 2001. The bodies were believed to be those of Kosovo Albanians killed by Serbian forces during the 1999 conflict, brought to the lake in a refrigerated lorry dumped there during NATO air raids. The burial site was a gravel spit on the north bank of Derventa River, close to its junction with Lake Perucac, 13 km from Bajina Basta and 2 km from the village of Rastiste. It contained parts of a truck refrigerator container that had formerly held the bodies. The bones and clothing retrieved</p><br>
<p>showed isolated evidence of burning; there was no evidence that this had occurred at</p><br>
<p>the burial site.</p><br>
<p>Of 48 bodies examined by the Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of Belgrade Military Hospital, 38 were male, one was female, and the sex of nine could not be established. Ages ranged from mid-adolescence to elderly. There was considerable ballistic evidence including classic gunshot wounds to the head in many cases. They had been buried for about two years and the condition of the remains indicated that they had spent some time in the water. Most were dressed in civilian clothing. Identity documents belonging to two persons from Djakovica were found with the exhumed bodies.</p><br>
<p>Dragan Karleusa, head of the Serbian police organised crime unit responsible for investigating the grave, said that in April 1999 a freezer truck containing between 50 and 60 corpses was pushed into the lake. Seven corpses immediately floated back to the surface and were removed. Two days later a container holding between 50 and 60 bodies also came to the surface. The bodies were placed in a mass grave. The head of the Serbian organised crime unit responsible for investigating the grave, Dragan Karleusa, said that the event was covered up despite the fact that numerous residents had witnessed the removal of the bodies from the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>An anonymous reservist told the Belgrade daily newspaper Danas that he saw a freezer truck being pushed into the lake, after the water level had been lowered. A rocket had been fired into the truck to sink it but corpses started to emerge from the hole made by explosion. The bodies were buried near the village of Rastiste. The bodies that emerged two days later were buried in a separate grave, next to the first. The reservist said that the operation was characterized as a "state secret".</p><br>
<p>A senior police officer reported that witnesses to the incident had first been threatened and were then paid 20 German marks to remain silent.</p><br>
<p>The disposal of the bodies at Lake Perućac has been linked to the finding of two other submerged refrigerator trucks containing the bodies of Kosovo Albanians at Kladovo and Djerdap. It was alleged that Yugoslav Army soldiers were responsible for disposing of the bodies under orders from their superiors. It is thought that at least ten and possibly dozens of truckloads of bodies were taken from Kosovo to Serbia to be dumped underwater or buried in mass graves.</p><br>
<p>The investigation was set up under the authority of Sreten Lukić, the Serbian police director of public security, who served as the commander of police forces in Kosovo during the war.</p><br>
<p>During the trial of police general Vlastimir Djordjevic, chief of the Public Security Department in the Serbian MUP, before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Djordje Keric, former chief of the Uzice SUP, gave evidence that in April 1999 he had informed Djordjevic that a refrigerator truck containing dozens of bodies of Kosovo Albanians had been found in Lake Perucac after some of the bodies surfaced. Keric had been told by the chief of the SUP Criminal Investigations Division that the bodies were those of civilians, men and women, from a sunken truck with no license plates. They were all highly decomposed and Keric was told they could not be identified. He claimed that Djordjevic ordered him to bury the bodies near the lake without notifying local legal officials or carrying out the standard scene of crime investigation procedure. Djordjevics defence maintained that Keric decided to carry out the burials himself, not on Djordjevics orders.</p><br>
<p>Police sources alleged that Vlastimir Djordjevic had been in charge of removing the bodies from Kosovo and burying them at secret locations in Serbia as part of a "cleaning-up operation" in Kosovo ordered by Slobodan Milosevic in March 1999 at a meeting with Interior Minister, Vlajko Stojiljkovic, secret police chief Radomir Markovic and Djordjevic.</p><br>
<p>During the 2010 investigation of the Visegrad massacres remains the engine and chassis of the truck were found. The Serbian War Crimes Prosecutor Vladimir Vukcevic said that the investigation was ongoing.</p><br>
<h3>2010</h3><br>
<p>In July and August 2010, when the level of the reservoir waters behind the Bajna Basta hydroelectric dam was lowered while maintenance and repair work was being done on the dame, the remains of many civilians who perished in the Višegrad massacres in 1992, in the early days of the Bosnian war, were discovered. The bodies of victims from the 1999 Kosovo conflict are also thought to be in the lake.</p><br>
<p>Between 19 July and 9 August 2010 the remains of 60 individuals people had been found in Lake Perućac. Amor Mašović, Chairman of the Bosnian Institute for Missing Persons, who was in charge of forensic investigations at the lake, believed that they had all been killed in Višegrad or a few kilometres further upstream in Muhici and Kurtalici and their bodies thrown into the Drina River. When the bodies reached the lake they were snagged by branches or became stuck in the shallow mud and sand.</p><br>
<p>Divers are also searching for bodies of Kosovar Albanians from the refrigerator truck dumped in the lake in 1999. Although dozens of bodies were recovered from the truck when it was discovered in 2003 more are thought to be in the lake, as the vehicle&#39;s doors were open when it was found.</p><br>
<p>Representatives of missing persons commissions from Serbia and Kosovo joined the Institute team in carrying out a joint examination of an eight-kilometre stretch of the lake. Members of the Institute’s team were shot at from Blace village, near Višegrad, about 10 days after they began the search.</p><br>
<p>The remains of at least three German Wehrmacht soldiers from World War Two have also been found during the 2010 investigations.</p><br>
<p>Amor Mašović believed that there were over 2,000 bodies in the lake, making it "the largest mass grave in Europe". As of 23 September 2010 remains of 373 bodies, believed to be mostly those of victims of the Višegrad massacres, had been retrieved from the reservoir, which was due to commence refilling on 26 September. Many volunteers joined the official teams searching for the bodies but the Serbian authorities, criticised by Mašović for hampering the work, were insistent that the dam was brought back into service and refilled before the recovery work was complete.</p><br>
<p>On 26 October 2010 Amor Mašović told a press conference in Sarajevo that 396 "cases" had been discovered during the two and a half month investigation. He used the term "cases", rather than "victims", because in some instances only a bone, leg, arm or rib had been found, not a complete skeleton. However he believed that between 97 and 120 victims might be identified after forensic analysis of the remains. These included six Austro-Hungarian soldiers from World War I but most were Bosniaks from Višegrad. Mašović noted that at least 800 people were still missing from Višegrad since the 1992-95 war. Veljko Odalović, head of the Serbian Commission for Missing Persons, told the press conference that discovering the fate of 14,500 victims war listed as missing in the former Yugoslavia was a "civilisation and humanitarian" issue and a precondition for reconciliation and the stabilisation of relations.</p><br>
<p>The George and Mary Pine Smith House is a private house located at 3704 Sheldon Road, near Sheldon in Canton Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land this house sits on was first farmed by William Smith of England, who purchased 80 acre of land in 1830. In 1835, Smith purchased another 80 acre to the east. At some point, William built a log cabin on the property. William Smith and his wife Mary Collins Smith raised seven children on this farm, establishing a long line of Smiths farming in Canton Township.</p><br>
<p>One of William and Mary Collins Smiths children was George Smith Sr. His son George Jr. (Williams grandson) married Mary Pine. In 1904, George Jr. and Mary Smith spent $2,058.76 to build the house that now sits on the property, replacing the log cabin. Although the present acreage is small, outbuildings on the property give the feel of the old farmstead and the wooded edges isolate the house from the surrounding modern developments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The George and Mary Pine Smith House is a two-story gabled ell building with an additional ell at the rear. The brick house sits on a two-foot-thick fieldstone foundation laid in courses across the facade. Many of the bricks in the walls were handmade at the building site. Two doors in the front facade are covered by a small porch with decorative millwork. The front facade includes a bay window, and two of the other front windows have a transom sash, one with stained glass in the transom area and the other with beveled glass. Three more large transomed windows are in other elevations, and the remainder of the house&#39;s windows are narrow one over ones. The windows are topped with a segmental arch formed of corbelled bricks.</p><br>
<p>The Hawaii Capital Historic District in Honolulu, Hawaii, has been the center of government ever since the earliest days of the unified Hawaiian Kingdom.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>With the grounds of Iolani Palace and the Hawaii State Capitol at its core, the historic district reaches inland across Beretania Street to include the buildings and grounds of Washington Place and St. Andrew&#39;s Cathedral; crosses Richards Street to include the former Armed Services YMCA Building, YWCA Building, and Hawaiian Electric Company Building; crosses Queen Street on the seaward side to include State Tax Office Building; and reaches across Punchbowl Street to include the buildings and grounds of Kawaiahao Church and Mission Houses below King Street and the city government core of Honolulu Hale and the Mission Memorial Building and Annex above King Street. Its architectural styles range from 19th-century adaptations of New England homes, through the Italianate Renaissance Revival and Neoclassical edifices of the Monarchy, through the Beaux Arts and Mission Revival inspirations of the Territory. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1978, after the nearby Chinatown Historic District and Merchant Street Historic District had already been added.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>A total of 20 buildings and structures contribute to the district:</p><br>
<p>Hawaii State Capitol (1969) and grounds</p><br>
<p>Kawaiahao Church and Mission Houses and grounds, including Lunalilo&#39;s Tomb (1876) and adobe schoolhouse (1835)</p><br>
<p>Washington Place (1846) and grounds</p><br>
<p>St. Andrew&#39;s Cathedral (1867) and Tenney Hall</p><br>
<p>Iolani Barracks (1870)</p><br>
<p>Aliiolani Hale (1874)</p><br>
<p>Iolani Palace (1882) and grounds, including the Old Archives Building (1906) and old mausoleum mound (1825)</p><br>
<p>Iolani Palace Bandstand (1883)</p><br>
<p>Kamehameha Statue (1883)</p><br>
<p>Kapuaiwa Building (1884)</p><br>
<p>Hawaii State Library (1913)</p><br>
<p>Honolulu Hale Annex (1916)</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office, Customhouse, and Courthouse (1921)</p><br>
<p>King David Kalakaua Building (1922)</p><br>
<p>State Office Building (1926)</p><br>
<p>YWCA Building (1927)</p><br>
<p>Hawaiian Electric Company Building (1927)</p><br>
<p>Armed Services YMCA (1928)</p><br>
<p>Honolulu Hale (1929) and grounds</p><br>
<p>State Tax Office (1939)</p><br>
<p>The Gruenwald Convent is a historic former Roman Catholic convent in the far western part of the USA state of Ohio. Located approximately 0.5 mi south of the small community of Cassella in Mercer County, the convent was built in 1854.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Under the leadership of Francis de Sales Brunner, the Missionaries constructed six convents in southern Mercer County and surrounding areas between 1846 and 1856. Patterned after the monasteries that had housed the orders members in Europe, these convents were some of the most prominent buildings in the region — surrounded by small frame houses, these brick structures resembled fortresses. Five other convents were built: one affiliated with St. Augustines Church in Minster, one affiliated with St. Joseph&#39;s Church in Egypt, the Himmelgarten convent near St. Henry, the Maria Stein Convent, and one affiliated with Holy Trinity Church in Trinity, Indiana. By the late 1970s, only the Gruenwald and Trinity convents remained in a condition resembling their original state: and has since been destroyed; the Minster convent likewise is no longer in existence; and the Egypt and Maria Stein convents had been significantly modified.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Gruenwald Convent is a two-and-a-half story structure. Built on a stone foundation, its walls are brick, and it is covered by an asphalt roof. It is significantly smaller than some of the other convents of the region; for example, the Maria Stein Convent is a complex of seventeen buildings, some of which are much larger than the Gruenwald Convent. After the Gruenwald Convent ceased to be used for its original purpose, it was converted into a typical residence; consequently, it is also known as the "McDowell House".</p><br>
<h2>Historic status</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, the Gruenwald Convent was one of more than thirty buildings added to the National Register of Historic Places as a part of a multiple property submission known as the "Cross-Tipped Churches of Ohio Thematic Resources." This collection included historically significant buildings in the vicinity of Maria Stein that were related to the Missionaries of the Precious Blood. The many massive Gothic Revival churches in this collection have become the namesake for the region, which is commonly known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches." The convent was listed on the Register both because of its contribution to the region&#39;s history and because of its connection to Francis de Sales Brunner.</p><br>
<p>Gokyo Lakes are oligotrophic lakes in Nepal&#39;s Sagarmatha National Park, located at an altitude of 4,700 – above sea level. These lakes are the world’s highest freshwater lake system comprising six main lakes, of which Thonak Lake is the largest. In September 2007, Gokyo and associated wetlands of 7,770 hectare have been designated a Ramsar site.</p><br>
<h2>Lake system</h2><br>
<p>Gokyo lakes are located in Khumjung Village Development Committee of Solukhumbu District in Sagarmatha Zone in north-eastern Nepal. Gokyo Cho, also called Dudh Pokhari, is the main lake with an area of 42.9 hectare, and the village of Gokyo lies on its eastern shore. Thonak Cho is the largest lake with an area of 65.07 hectare. Gyazumpa Cho is 29 hectare in size, followed by Tanjung Cho with an area of 16.95 hectare, and Ngojumba Cho with an area of 14.39 hectare. As sources of permanent fresh water they have high hydrological value. They feed on waters from various sources, such as seepage from the Ngozumpa glacier, a stream coming from the Renjo La pass from north-west and another stream originating from the Ngozumpa glacier in the east. These are glacier-fed freshwater wetlands and discharge water to the Dudh Kosi headway via the Taujon Lake and the Longabanga Lake. These lakes are deeper than previously assumed by the researchers. Fourth Lake (Thonak Cho) is the deepest lake (62.4m) followed by the Gokyo Lake which is 43 m. A direct connection between the Gokyo Lake and the upper Thonak Cho and the Ngozumpa Cho has not been observed, but these lakes may be connected via underground seepage water. The Gokyo lake system is naturally vulnerable, as it is lying in an ecologically fragile and unstable zone. The outburst of Ngozumpa glacier is always a threat to the existence of the lakes.</p><br>
<p>The Gokyo lake system of 19 lakes is spread over an area of 196.2 hectare lying between 4,600 and. The wetland lies on the head of the Dudh Kosi, which descends from Cho Oyu.</p><br>
<h2>Religious significance</h2><br>
<p>The Gokyo Lakes are considered sacred by both Hindus and Buddhists. About 500 Hindus take a holy bath in the lakes during the Janai Purnima festival, which usually occurs in the month of August. On an average 7,000 tourists annually visit the Gokyo Lakes. The site is worshipped as the residing place of ‘Nag Devata’ (Snake God); a temple of the Hindu deities Lords Vishnu and Shiva is situated at the western corner of the lake. The belief that birds and wildlife in the area should not be harmed has traditionally protected fauna.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Gokyo is among the most popular tourist destinations leading towards the Sagarmatha base camp and other areas. A visit to the area often includes climbing Gokyo Ri.</p><br>
<p>The Gokyo Lakes are also part of an extended Everest Base Camp trek known as the EBC trek via Gokyo Lakes. This trek is commonly hiked by people with slightly more time to trek as the trail is 4 days longer than the standard EBC trek. The Gokyo Lakes trek also has the added benefit of being a circular route as opposed to the standard EBC trek which returns along the same trail.</p><br>
<p>Patchen Pass is a low mountain pass through the Santa Cruz Mountains of California, connecting the Santa Clara Valley to Santa Cruz and the Pacific coast via California State Route 17.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Patchen Pass lies on the border between Santa Clara County to the north of the pass, and Santa Cruz County to the south. It is traversed by California State Route 17, which runs from north to south through the pass, and is the eastern terminus of California State Route 35, which runs along the ridgeline to the west the pass and continues to the east as Summit Road. The nearest municipalities to the pass are Los Gatos, 8 mi north, and Scotts Valley, 8 mi south. Amenities at the pass include a restaurant on one side of Highway 17, and a convenience store and marijuana dispensary on the other side.</p><br>
<p>The elevation of the pass is marked as 1,800 ft but has been variously reported as 1,840 ft or 1,808 ft.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 18th century, a trail across the pass formed part of the historic El Camino Real connecting Mission Santa Clara de Asís with Mission Santa Cruz, likely along a route followed earlier by Native Americans. Lakes near the summit made the place a popular fishing and swimming spot until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused them to dry up. In 1940, State Route 17 replaced the Soquel San Jose Road through the pass; the old alignment still crosses the pass, a short distance to the east of State Route 17, as the Old Santa Cruz Highway. A Southern Pacific passenger train line through the pass, from Los Gatos to Olympia, opened in 1880 but closed again after storms in early 1940 caused mudslides and washouts on the line.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The pass was historically called Cuesta de Los Gatos (Spanish for "Wildcat Ridge") by John C. Frémont, but the same name may refer more generally to that part of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The pass itself was renamed to Patchen Pass in the 1970s by several local government bodies, at the instigation of local politician Albert B. Smith and over the objections of local historians. The name "Patchen" comes from the nearby ghost town of Patchen; in turn, the town of Patchen may have been named after a famous race horse, or possibly after the activity of sewing patches on clothes. Locally, the pass is more often referred to as "the Summit" than by either of its official names. Alternatively, taking the route over the pass is called going "over the hill".</p><br>
<p>The YWCA Building at 1040 Richards Street, Honolulu, Hawaii, popularly called the Richards Street Y, is now officially named Laniākea, which means open skies or wide horizons in the Hawaiian language. It was designed by San Francisco architect Julia Morgan, who considered it one of her favorites. It opened in 1927 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as a contributing property within the Hawaii Capital Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Julia Morgan, the first female graduate of the École des Beaux Arts in Paris, was also overseeing the restoration of Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California, at the time. She combined modern structural concrete engineering with traditional Mediterranean design elements&mdash;arches, loggias, balconies, and decorative grille work&mdash;to create a unique building well adapted to the Hawaiian climate and evolving Hawaiian regional style.</p><br>
<p>The Raisin Valley Friends Meetinghouse is a historic church located at 3552 North Adrian Highway  in Adrian Charter Township about two miles  north of the city of Adrian in central Lenawee County, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 28, 1982 and later designated as a Michigan Historic Site on January 23, 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1831, Quaker missionaries travelling to Michigan established two congregations. One of these, initially known as Adrian meeting, evolved into the Raisin Valley Friends. Raisin Valley Friends initially worshipped in a log cabin located near the present church property, but by 1834 the congregation had grown large enough that a permanent meeting place was called for. Local settler David Baker made a six-acre parcel available, and the congregation raised $800 to build this church, which opened in 1835.</p><br>
<p>The church, which had an abolitionism stance, is recognized as having served as a major stop in Michigan&#39;s Underground Railroad network. Abolitionists Charles and Laura Smith Haviland founded the Raisin Institute at the church, and poet and abolitionist Elizabeth Margaret Chandler was also a member of the congregation.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, a basement was added to the building. In 1953 an addition was constructed, and in 1961 a Sunday School unit was added to one end, In the later 1960s, a front porch was added. The building continues to house the Raisin Valley Friends Church.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The simple, wooden church is typical of those built in the early nineteenth-century. The structure maintains its original appearance, with only modest changes in appearance due to the additions. The Raisin Valley Friends Meetinghouse is a single story clapboarded structure with simple corner boards, a thin classical cornice with returns, and a gable roof. An entrances is located at one end of the church, protected by a porch. The windows were originally sixteen pane double hung units; the current windows are substantially similar, and have the same size and placement.</p><br>
<p>The Civil War Memorial is a marble monument situated in the center of Memorial Park in Adrian, Michigan. The monument was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on August 13, 1971 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 29, 1972. It was unveiled on July 4, 1870 to commemorate soldiers from Adrian who died in the American Civil War .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Civil War Memorial ties together the cities of Adrian and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The column used in the monument was originally one of the six marble columns on the eastern facade of the former Bank of Pennsylvania building in Philadelphia. The bank building and the column itself were built in 1799.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Pennsylvania building, which was considered one of the first examples of Greek Revival architecture in the United States, was demolished in 1867. With Congressional permission, Joint resolution N0-78, July 27, 1868, one of the six columns was acquired by The Hon. F.C. Beeaman, member of Congress and former Mayor of the city and J. Fred Myers Esq. of Washington, a former well known citizen of Adrian and was donated to the monument association by Hon. Hugh McCulloch, then Secretary of the Treasury of the United States after its destruction. It remains one of the only surviving piece of the original Bank of Pennsylvania building in Michigan. Wilmington, Delaware, has another column.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Architect and sculptor Benjamin H. Latrobe created the design of the column for the Pennsylvania Bank. The monument architect was Francis R. Stebbins of Adrian Michigan. The column was donated to the association by a joint act of Congress, (No-78) dated July 27, 1868. The sandstone base and urn at the top came to a cost of $10,000 raised by the monument association. The monument was unveiled in Monument Park on July 4, 1870 by the Adrian Soldiers’ Monument Association. It was the second such commemorative monument erected in Lenawee County following the war — the first being a cemetery monument erected in nearby Franklin Township.</p><br>
<p>The column rests on top of a sandstone octagonal pedestal, and each side contains a bronze tablet inscribed with the names of 84 fallen soldiers and the regiment to which they belonged. The column itself is surmounted with a sandstone urn.</p><br>
<p>The inscription on the base of the pedestal reads:</p><br>
<h2>Cannons</h2><br>
<p>There are four cannons that compliment the Civil War Monument. Two of them are not marked by the foundry where they were made that we can find to date. The other two are marked and well documented. They were cast in 1834 at the Columbia Foundry located in Georgetown just north of DC. The foundry was started by Henry Foxall in Philadelphia but when the seat of government in 1800 moved to DC he also moved the foundry and continued to cast guns for the government. In 1815 the foundry was sold to Gen. John Mason. The cannons are marked with the US on the top. The weight is at the back of the breech. The initials WJW are on the top face of the cannon. WJW indicates the inspector of the cannons and that was Col. William Jenkins Worth. He was the inspector for all the foundries in the DC area at that time. At the bottom of the cannons face are marked #2 and the other is #3. These were experimental cannons and only three were cast. No one knows where cannon #1 is. The cannons were donated to the Monument association of Adrian by an act of Congress, Resolution (No-78) June 22, 1870, with the aid of The Hon. F.C. Beeaman, member of Congress and former Mayor of the city and J. Fred Myers Esq. of Washington and Henry Hart Association president.</p><br>
<p>The William Luelleman House  is a historic house in downtown New Bremen, Ohio, United States. Designed by an unknown architect and built in 1837,</p><br>
<p>Although the house is known primarily by Luellemans name, it has been owned and used by a succession of individuals unrelated to Luelleman and his family. It was built for community leader Gerhard Hehemann, and in later years it was home to the villages post office, a shop, and a Dutch Reformed church. Even while it was maintained for commercial or religious purposes, parts of the house continued to be used as a residence for multiple families.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Luelleman House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture. As one of the best examples of German architecture in a heavily German community, it was seen as historically significant statewide. Today, it is the location of a museum operated by the New Bremen Historic Association, which has owned the house since shortly after its establishment in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The H.E. Fledderjohann Property is a complex of three historic buildings in the village of New Knoxville, Ohio, United States. These structures — a house, a doctor&#39;s office, and a standalone kitchen building — were owned and used by Fledderjohann, a prominent New Knoxville physician in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Fledderjohann's life</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Fledderjohann was the son of Herman Fledderjohann, a native of Prussia who immigrated to present-day Auglaize County in 1835. Soon after arriving, the elder Fledderjohann began laboring in the construction of the Miami and Erie Canal, and his diligency quickly led to him becoming a foreman and a leading man in the community. He was twice married and fathered eighteen children; among the sons borne by his second wife were Henry and B.A. Fledderjohann, who served in the Ohio House of Representatives. Henry Fledderjohann graduated from the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania in 1886. Upon entering the medical profession, Fledderjohann was well regarded by other physicians; he was a member of the Northwestern Ohio Medical Association, and in 1906, he was elected to the vice presidency of the Auglaize County Medical Society. For a time, he was also a public official, acting as the health officer for the New Knoxville Board of Health in 1902. Besides serving the community as a family doctor, Fledderjohann was also an inventor; he was granted a patent for a type of steam turbine in 1913.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Fledderjohanns house was built in 1879 by Gustave Zuelch, Fledderjohanns predecessor as community doctor; he served the village from 1878 to 1888. Located adjacent to the house is the doctors office. Built in 1890, office is a one-story brick building with small rounded windows that open into the attic. The kitchen is a one-story frame structure located immediately behind the house. These three buildings were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, primarily because of their connection to Fledderjohann. Today, Fledderjohann&#39;s property is operated as a museum by the New Knoxville Historical Society, with his residence as a historic house museum. Besides the three landmarked buildings, the museum complex includes a barn and a small log house.</p><br>
<p>Marlfield House was the former residence of the Bagwells, a wealthy and politically influential Irish Unionist family in south Tipperary from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<p>It is located about three kilometres west of the town of Clonmel on the northern bank of the River Suir. It was built by John Bagwell in 1785. The main entrance gate, considered of exceptional quality, was designed by the local architect William Tinsley and the conservatory by Richard Turner. In January 1923, the main house was badly damaged in an arson attack by anti-Treaty IRA forces during the Irish Civil War. The fire destroyed the library and historical papers of historian Richard Bagwell. It was targeted because of Bagwell&#39;s son John Philip Bagwell was a Senator in the new Irish Free State.</p><br>
<p>Following that conflict it was rebuilt and remained in Bagwell hands until the 1970s when it and the surrounding park and estate lands were sold. The first and second floors have since been converted into twelve luxury apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Notable occupants</h2><br>
<p>John Bagwell (1751–1816). Representative for Tipperary in the Irish House of Commons.</p><br>
<p>William Bagwell (1776–1826). MP for Clonmel at the House of Commons.</p><br>
<p>John Bagwell (1811–1883). Nephew of William. MP for Clonmel between 1857 and 1874.</p><br>
<p>Richard Bagwell (1840–1918). Noted historian of the Stuart and Tudor periods in Ireland,</p><br>
<p>John Philip Bagwell (1874–1946). Railway executive and Irish Free State Senator.</p><br>
<p>The Emily & Theodore Hope Forest is a 376 acre permanent forest reservation located in Danbury, New Hampshire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1987, Theodore S. Hope, Jr. and his wife Emily Blanchard Hope, who retired to Danbury after practicing corporate law in New York City for over 50 years, donated 482 acre of land to the New England Forestry Foundation.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, 376 acre of the donated land became part of the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests. The land is named after Theodore and his wife Emily.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational use</h2><br>
<p>The main entry (gated) to the forest is located on Roy Ford Road in Danbury. 4 mi of hiking, with several hundred feet elevation change, is available via logging trails, with modest uphill bushwhacking.</p><br>
<p>Bahiret el Bibane  is a lagoon located at the zarzis region of Tunisia. The heritage of this wetland is recognized internationally by the Ramsar Convention</p><br>
<p>Biban Lake is a coastal lagoon located in the state of civilians from the south-east of Tunisia is the administrative track Zarzis, 10 km north Bnqirdan City, and 20 km south of the city of Zarzis. An area of 27 thousand hectares, the largest lake in the Mediterranean basin rich in fish different Kalorath and sea bass and mullet, etc., and a height of between 0 and 10 m from the surface of the sea. which is a coastal lagoon large, with a length of 32 km and display maximum 10 km and the rate of 4 m deep, which is partially separated from the Mediterranean Sea, as related by several channels width of the largest of 800 m. and enter the fish. It is therefore to be considered a natural reserve of fish that you enter from the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the birds that winter destination, pink Kalnham and cormorants and cranes.</p><br>
<p>There are near Lake Biban Sabkhat al Bojml and marsh Mudaayanah, which is very important for Lake to fish that you enter where you live.</p><br>
<p>Before the advent of French colonialism in the region were exploited by local sailors who were promoting their production in neighboring cities and even to the Libyan cities such as visitors and Tripoli.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The colonial administration in December 1886 lease Lake Biban to investors Frenchmen and turning sailors then to tenants with the company reassigned to fish the lake and extracted Musaúdhm Navy, and continues to exploit the investor of the lake to 1924, became the then exploited by the Tunisian Company for fisheries that despite enable the lifting of the production process, but The lake warranted again to investor Italy from 1945 to the borders of 1958 and then turned to the Courts national fishing and therefore has Tonsthe and renewed scenario justification for investors Tunisians for 13 years so far and recorded along those decimal excesses of many in the right sailors and the lake during fishing operations by boats engine and that way quarry as its contribution to the pollution and overfishing, many families grew up around the lake, such as the advent of colonialism to reach todays edition to about 600 families a resource sustenance only lake that has the largest fisheries fixed for fish not at the level of the country even at the level of the Mediterranean and is ranked as one of the sites Typical that have been selected within the project to protect marine resources and coastal Gulf of Gabes, which is aimed at and place the system effective and harmonious to act Communion includes the one hand, the needs of the conservation of marine biodiversity and coastal bay and on sustainable development for the citizens of the development of a solid base to focus the institutional framework to improve the management of biodiversity in the long term and to ensure sustainable development of the fishing sector workers in this lak.</p><br>
<p>The Musgrove Evans House is a private residence in Tecumseh, Michigan, USA. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on October 29, 1971, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Surveyor Musgrove Evans (1785-1855) originally platted Tecumseh in 1824 and built a crude log cabin. In 1826, Evans built this modest house at what is now the corner of Ottawa Street and Chicago Boulevard for his personal dwelling and for use as an inn for travelers. Musgrove&#39;s wife Abigail "Abi" Brown Evans, for whom a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution was later named, died in the early 1830s. In 1834, Evans moved with his children to colonial Texas, where his eldest son, Samuel Brown Evans (1812&ndash;1836), died in the Battle of the Alamo. The house was sold to Stillman Blanchard. In 1858, Blanchard went bankrupt, and the house was sold to prominent businessman Peter R. Adams.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, Adams&#39; daughter sold the house, and it was moved from its original location on Chicago Boulevard to the current site. The interior was then converted into apartments, while the exterior remained unchanged. Today the house serves again as a single-family dwelling.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a rectangular, two-story, five bay, Federal style structure with a single story rear addition. Large, axe-hewn beams were used for construction, and are joined at the corners by mortise and tenon joints and locked with wooden pegs. The facade has turned-back cornice moldings, a semi- circular windows at the gable end, and a center entrance with a fan-light window above the door. The windows are regularly spaced in the facade and contain small panes.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Memorial Hall, also known as the Adrian I.O.O.F. Hall, is a commercial building located at 120–124 South Winter Street  in the Downtown Adrian Commercial Historic District in Adrian, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site and individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 14, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Elihu C. Clark was born in Walworth, New York in 1811, and began a career as a dry goods merchant in 1830. In 1836, he moved to Adrian and established a dry goods business there. A few years later he began dabbling in finance, and by 1847 he was an important and wealthy local financier. In 1869 Clark, became the first president of the Lenawee County Savings Bank. Clark died in 1880, and his will, he donated $10,000 to the Adrian Lodge of the Odd Fellowship — a branch of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows — to construct a building.</p><br>
<p>By 1888, the Lodge had acquired land and additional capital to construct a building. The lodge hired to local firm of Beck and Vogt to construct the building for a cost of $9,000. Construction started in June, and the structure was completed by the end of 1888. The Odd Fellows held their first meeting in the new hall in January 1889. The first floor was leased by Moreland Brothers and Crane, a tobacco and candy company.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, dwindling membership forced the building to be put up for sale. Today, it serves a variety of commercial businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Clark Memorial Hall is a two-story rectangular structure, measuring approximately 46 feet by 75 feet, located on a corner lot. The building has a mansard roof. The main facade is three bays wide, and is constructed of orange-red brick with a grey limestone water table and cast iron facade and entablature ornamentation. The first floor was designed to house two stores, and contains two doorways and large windows. The second floor housed the Odd Fellows lodge, and is relatively tall in comparison to the first floor. Cast and galvanized iron ornamentation forms a symmetrical arched facade above the windows. The windows are double-hung one-over-one units, set in pairs on each side ind in a triple in the center. Above each window group is a round stained glass window. Above the center arch are the words CLARK MEMORIAL HALL in raised iron letters.</p><br>
<p>The building bears a striking resemblance to the Tibbits Opera House in Coldwater, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal is a canal and set of locks linking Lake Saint-Louis and Lake of Two Mountains at Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, the very westernmost point of Montreal Island, Quebec, Canada. It is a National Historic Site of Canada.</p><br>
<p>The canal is located in the eastern channel of the Ottawa River around Perrot Island (Île Perrot) where shallow rapids form a natural obstacle. It forms part of the waterway system that allows boating access from the Saint Lawrence River up the Ottawa River to the City of Ottawa, and even to Kingston via the Rideau Canal.</p><br>
<p>The canal and locks are used today exclusively for recreational boating. The site is a popular tourist location that also offers mooring places, picnic tables, boat launch, and park land. Guided tours and interpretative panels are provided by Parks Canada. Together with the boardwalk and restaurants and cafes that line the canal, the site drew 181,000 visitors and 23,000 boaters in 2003, making it the second busiest canal and locks in Quebec. The dimensions of the lock are 54.86 m long, 12.19 m wide, and 2.74 m deep at the sills. It lifts boats by 1 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the existence of the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal, there had already been since 1816 a canal and lock in the channel on the west side of Perrot Island, facing Dorion. But this canal was privately owned, with its owners therefore having a monopoly over the shipping going upstream. Other merchants, opposing the unfair practice, petitioned the government to build a public lock at Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue.</p><br>
<p>The first plans for the canal were drawn up in 1831. But because of financial, administrative, and political setbacks, it would not be until 1840 that construction began on the canal. It was completed on November 14, 1843. The original locks were 58 m long, 14 m wide, and 2 m deep at the sills.</p><br>
<p>The canal and locks proved to be a major impetus to colonization and commerce. Soon after it opened, it was used by many people travelling upstream to settle in Upper Canada, and it attracted a large amount of commercial traffic. This, as well as the lock&#39;s approach that was difficult to navigate, necessitated a second lock. Following the recommendations of the Canals Commission in 1870, a second lock was built directly east and parallel to the first one, with work completed in 1882. The original locks were used less and less until 1909 when they were abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Since the completion of the second canal, the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal and the other canals of the Ottawa River were mainly used to transport wood to Montreal. This commerce flourished until 1919 whereafter the logging industry went into decline. From 1920 to 1963, shipments of sand, gravel and petroleum products became the principal freight transported. In 1914, electric lighting was installed, and in 1923, the gate mechanisms were electrified. But the railroad supplanted water transportation and the canal lost most of its importance. In the 1960s, a period of modernization saw the removal of many old service buildings, such as the toll collector’s residence and office, smithy, carpentry shop, storehouse, and tool shed. The lock’s old wooden gates were replaced with steel ones and in 1964, the old 1843 canal and locks were completely backfilled.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the canal, locks, and banks were designated a National Historic Site and came under the jurisdiction of Parks Canada. Because of the canal&#39;s transportation and historic roles, it is managed in accordance with the Department of Transport Act and the Historic Sites and Monuments Act.</p><br>
<p>The Badener Höhe is a mountain in the Northern Black Forest in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It lies within the borough of Baden-Baden and municipality of Forbach. With a height of, it is the highest point in the borough of Baden-Baden.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The mountain rises above the hamlet of Herrenwies near the Schwarzenbach Reservoir. Its western and southern region is part of the Black Forest National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Observation tower and views</h2><br>
<p>On the mountaintop, besides a refuge hut, is the 30-metre-high Frederick Tower (Friedrichsturm) built in 1890 by Anton Klein from red sandstone and inaugurated on 5 October 1891 by Grand Duke Frederick I of Baden. The lookout tower is a highly visible cultural monument. From here one can see far over the northern Black Forest, inter alia to Herrenwies, the nearby mountains of Mehliskopf and Hornisgrinde. To the north, on a very clear day, the Großer Feldberg, the Taunus hills and the Melibokus in the Odenwald Forest may be seen. To the north-northwest is the Palatinate Forest and, in good weather, even the Donnersberg may be seen. To the west, in France, rise the Vosges. In extremely good visibility some summits of the Swiss Alps may be visible to the far south-southeast. The panoramic view extends to the east to Swabian Jura. The tower was built in 1884 on the establishment of the Baden-Baden branch of Black Forest Club. In 2002, the tower had to be closed for safety reasons. Thanks to a fundraiser, the necessary restoration works were carried out quickly and the tower was re-opened on 19 June 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Badener Höhe is now a popular hiking and excursion destination that is well linked to many hiking trails (such as the West Way or Westweg). The forest on the summit of the Badener Höhe fell victim to several storms, including Hurricane Lothar.</p><br>
<p>The Battert is a hill, on the western edge of the Northern Black Forest north of Baden-Baden in Germany. On its western slopes are the ruins of Hohenbaden Castle , on the southern side is the climbing area and nature reserve called the Battert Rocks . On the hill ridge are the remains of a circular rampart, probably built by Celtic settlers. On the eastern side lies the village of Ebersteinburg.</p><br>
<p>The Battert is a destination for ramblers and climbers all year round, heading for the 15–60-metre-high Battertfelsen. Above and below the rock face is a footpath around the rocks. The red rock face is visible from far off and may be easily reached on the road to the ruins of Hohenbaden or from a car park near Ebersteinburg.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Consisting of sediments of Rotliegend, the Battertfelsen were formed about 251-299 million years ago. By contrast with their immediate environment, the rocks of the Battertfelsen silicified due to an east-west oriented fault line. Because of this silicification the rock became more erosion-resistant which is why they now stand out so prominently.</p><br>
<h2>Nature reserve</h2><br>
<p>An area of 34.9 hectares around the Battertfelsen and east of Hohenbaden Castle on the south side of the hill was declared as a nature reserve by the Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe on 30 June 1981. The reserve is known as Battertfelsen near Hohenbaden Castle (Battertfelsen beim Schloss Hohenbaden). The geologically and earth-historically important rock group is home to rare insects, reptiles, ravens and peregrine falcons and also to rare plant species, especially in the stone run woodland below the rock faces.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Thanks to Wilhelm Paulcke the popularity of the Battert as a climbing area grew after he had opened the first climbing routes there in about 1885. Since then a large number of routes with different levels of difficulty have been developed, from grade II to grade IX.</p><br>
<p>On 24 October 1964 Toni Kinshofer, who was the first to climb the Diamir flank of Nanga Parbat and climbed the Eiger north face the year before, fell from the heights of the Battert and died of his injuries shortly after.</p><br>
<h3>Climbing routes</h3><br>
<p>Kuhkamin (III), about 1885</p><br>
<p>Marterkamin (IV+ to V-), about 1885</p><br>
<p>Paulckeweg (III), Wilhelm Paulcke about 1890</p><br>
<p>Bockgrat (IV+), first ascent in 1905</p><br>
<p>Alter Pforzheimer Weg (IV+), 1925 by Walter Stößer</p><br>
<p>Neuer Pforzheimer Weg (VI), by Walter Stößer</p><br>
<p>Wespenkante (V), by Walter Stößer</p><br>
<p>Neue Falkenwand (VII-), 1945 by Martin Schliessler</p><br>
<p>Kühnkante (VI+), Reinhard Karl and Kurt Jägel</p><br>
<p>Südostverschneidung (VII-), Martin Schliessler and Kurt Jägel</p><br>
<p>Boßler is a 799.7 m mountain in the Swabian Alps, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Located at an elevation of 785 m is the Boßlerhaus (Bossler House), a working agricultural building run by the local group Friends of Nature Göppingen. It is beside the Gruibinger Wiesle, a popular hiking destination. 500 m west of the house there is a viewpoint on the escarpment at an altitude of 794 m which offers a view far to the west. The Swabian Alp-North Rim Trail passes through this point.</p><br>
<h2>Plane crashes</h2><br>
<p>Boßler has been the site of several fatal air crashes. In most cases these were controlled flights into terrain due to pilots flying into the unexpectedly high mountain in the poor visibility.</p><br>
<p>1940-1945: a German Ju 88 and another military plane</p><br>
<p>8 January 1958: two USA F-100D jets</p><br>
<p>17 August 1959: a Bundeswehr Piaggio P.149</p><br>
<p>9 April 1965: a USA Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter</p><br>
<p>11 April 1965: a Piper PA-22</p><br>
<p>14 June 1966: an Fiat G.91 jet fighter</p><br>
<p>17 July 1979: a Cessna F 172 H light aircraft</p><br>
<p>28 September 2005: an air ambulance, Christoph 51, on a clear day</p><br>
<p>The Brandenkopf is and one of the highest mountains in the Central Black Forest in southern Germany. The mountain lies in the county of Ortenaukreis in the state of Baden-Württemberg within the municipalities of Oberharmersbach, Fischerbach and Hausach, its summit is part of Oberharmersbach. The mountain forms the prominent centrepiece between the valleys of the Kinzig, the Wolf and the Harmersbach.</p><br>
<p>The name of the Brandenkopf ("Fire Peak") is derived from a great forest fire in 1730. Before this event it was called the Varnlehenskopf.</p><br>
<p>The Brandenkopf is well developed with roads and footpaths (including the Hansjakobweg II and a link to the West Way, 3.5 km away) from several directions.</p><br>
<p>There is a transmitter, the Sender Brandenkopf, on the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Sights</h2><br>
<p>The 32-metre-high Brandenkopf Tower (Brandenkopfturm) has stood on the summit since 1929. This is a stone observation tower, which has extensive views over the Black Forest countryside and, on clear days, as far as the Alps, Vosges and Swabian Jura. Before the stone tower was built there had been wooden predecessor structures.</p><br>
<p>The Black Forest Club maintains a hiking home and attached café on the Brandenkopf. The favourable location of the mountain, with its average wind speed oft 5.8 m/s at a height of 10 metres is exploited by a wind turbine.</p><br>
<p>In summer 2002 a second wind turbine, the Bürgerwindrad Brandenkopf, was opened about 350 metres west of the hiking home. This turbine, an Enercon E-58, which has a hub height of 70 metres (100 metres total height) generating a nominal 1000 kW, produces an average of 2,000,000 kWh of electrical power per year. and is thus one of the best sites in Germany in its performance class. In 2006 over 2,300 hours at full load were achieved.</p><br>
<p>Breitenstein is a mountain of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.</p><br>
<p>The Breitenstein is a 811.6 m above sea level. NHN high plateau in Baden-Württemberg. It is near the village Ochsenwang near the county road 1220. The distance to the municipality Bissingen an der Teck is around 5 kilometers. The rocky outcrop consists of Jurassic rock and is situated on the northern edge of the Swabian Jura right on the escarpment.</p><br>
<p>Of the approximately 200 meter wide plateau of Breitenstein you can enjoy a broad view of the approximately 400 meters below, north of the Swabian Jura area location, in the north-west to Stuttgart. Therefore the Breitenstein is a popular destination.</p><br>
<p>On the plateau Breitenstein is a bronze plaque, in which the location and distance of the visible places can be found.</p><br>
<p>Breitenstein</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Brend is a mountain, in the Central Black Forest in Germany. It is the highest point in the borough of Furtwangen of which it is the Hausberg.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Located in the county of Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis, the Brend is its second highest point after the elongated Rohrhardsberg-Farnberg Plateau. Before the 1973 county reform it was the highest point in the county of Donaueschingen.</p><br>
<p>The southern mountainside of the Brend lies in the parish of Simonswald in the county of Emmendingen. There it is the third highest point, together with the Rosseck, after the Kandel and the Rohrhardsberg-Farnberg Plateau. In the wake of an exchange of territory in 1977, ownership of the observation tower, the restaurant and a farmstead on the northwestern slopes was transferred from Obersimonswald, Emmendingen, to the town of Furtwangen, Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis.</p><br>
<p>In clear weather the summit has good all-round view that includes the Hochfirst, Feldberg, Belchen, Schauinsland and Kandel. To the south may be seen the chain of the Swiss Alps from Säntis in the Appenzell Alps to the mountain trio of the Eiger, Mönch and Jungfrau in the Bernese Oberland, to the northwest the Vosges from Gazon de Faîte to Mont Sainte-Odile and to the east the Trauf of the Swabian Jura from the Zollernalb to the Hegaualb. At the summit, in addition to the Gasthaus and the Brendturm tower is a Friends of Nature House.</p><br>
<p>Together with the adjacent Rohrhardsberg to the north the Brend forms one of the largest and, at 1,100 metres, one of the highest highland areas of the Black Forest. The highlands belong to the largest natural regions in the state of Baden-Württemberg that is not bisected by through roads. It is only accessible on cul-de-sac roads. The summit itself and a large barbecue area are accessible from Furtwangen or Gütenbach by car.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Fremersberg is a hill, on the western edge of the northern Black Forest in south Germany on the territory of the town of Baden-Baden and the municipality of Sinzheim. On the summit plateau, which is made of bunter sandstone there is the residential area of Fremersberg Turm with rented inn, which was built by the town of Baden-Baden in 1884, and the 85-metre-high Fremersberg Tower, built in 1961, a transmission tower with an observation platform.</p><br>
<h2>Fremersberg Tower</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the first viewing tower on the Fremersberg was finished in 1883. It was raised in 1900 to a height of around 28 metres, using rubble stone from a Sinzheim quarry. In 1954 it had to be demolished due to its instability and consequent danger of collapse. By July 1954 a new tower had been built from the old stone that was more stable. As the establishment of a TV studio for Südwestfunk in Hans-Bredow-Straße in Baden-Baden required a permanent microwave relay station, the tower was pulled down for aesthetic reasons and rebuilt. It now acted both as a viewing tower and as the necessary transmission site. This work was completed in autumn 1961 and the new transmission tower was opened with a viewing platform at a height of 30 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>The Fremersberg lies west of the town of Baden-Baden and, together with the Yberg, separates it from the Rebland municipalities of Varnhalt, Steinbach and Neuweier. From the Fremersberg Tower there are views of the Baden-Baden basin, the Upper Rhine Plain and the Vosges to the west. To the east may be seen the Northern Black Forest including the mountain of Merkur. To the northeast can be seen the Battert with its climbing rocks and the ruins of Hohenbaden Castle.</p><br>
<p>On the southern slopes of the Fremersberg is Fremersberg Abbey, an exclave of the Sinzheim municipality. One of the 14 regional legends is based around the former Franciscan abbey and is described in pictures in the Trinkhalle Baden-Baden. On the northwestern side of the Fremersberg lies the Fremersberg Hunting Lodge. Dowager Margravine Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg had it built for her sons in the years 1716–21 by Johann Michael Ludwig Rohrer.</p><br>
<p>The Heiligenberg is a wooded hill overlooking the town of Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It rises to around 440 meters NHN and has been the site of several historical buildings: a Celtic hilltop fortification, a Roman sacred precinct, several medieval monasteries, modern lookout towers and a so-called Thingstätte, built by the Nazis in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The hill was called the Aberinsberg in the Carolingian period; in 1265 Premonstratensians from All Saints Abbey in the Black Forest took over the two monasteries on the mountain, and its name became Allerheiligen-Berg (all saints mountain), the ancestor of its present name.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The Heiligenberg is a low sandstone mountain, with a highest elevation of 439.9 m, on the western edge of the Odenwald where it meets the Bergstraße Route and the Upper Rhine Plain. It lies north of the Michaelsberg (375.5 m), and on the other side of the Neckar the Königstuhl rises above the old town of Heidelberg. The west and south sides of the Heiligenberg, facing the plain and the Neckar valley, are steep. On the north side the Kerb valley, through which flows a stream called the Rombach or Mühlbach, lies between the Heiligenberg and the Hoher Nistler; to the north-east a ridge connects the Heiligenberg to the Weißer Stein.</p><br>
<p>The mountain rises above the Heidelberg neighborhoods of Neuenheim and Handschuhsheim. The Philosophers&#39; Way leads up the mountain from Neuenheim for about 2 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Heiligenberg offers a good view of the plain and the river valley and offers a defensive position. Archaeological investigations have taken place there several times since 1881, including in the 1920s and 1930s during the building of a guest house and the Nazi-era Thingstätte; finds of Neolithic linear pottery show it was inhabited as early as 5500&ndash;5100 BCE. Celts settled there beginning in the first half of the first millennium BCE and constructed a double-walled hill fort around the primary and secondary peak. (The water source for this Celtic settlement, known as the Bittersbrunnen, was restored in 1979/80.)</p><br>
<p>The mountain was already being mined for iron ore in the early La Tène period. The settlement was the political, religious and cultural centre of the region from the 5th century BCE until about 200 BCE, when the centre of political power shifted to the Roman settlement of Lopodunum, now Ladenburg.</p><br>
<p>Under the Romans there was a sacred precinct on the mountain: the foundations of a north-oriented temple to Mercury, with an apse, can be seen in the nave of the now ruined medieval basilica of St. Michael. Philipp Melanchthon studied Roman inscriptions there in 1508. Archaeological finds include votive stones with Latin inscriptions to Mercurius Cimbrianus, "Mercury of the Cimbri", suggesting a place of worship of the Germanic god Wodan, who was identified with Mercury by interpretatio romana. The Roman shrine was plundered in the Migration Age, but cultic use of the site appears to have continued until approximately 600 CE, since burials were made there until then.</p><br>
<p>The Heiligenberg has sometimes been identified with the Mons Piri mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus, where in 369 forces of the Roman Emperor Valentinian I dug trenches but were repulsed by Germanic tribesmen. There are isolated finds from the 4th and 5th centuries, and the mountain was then resettled in the late 6th century. Demonstrably Christian burials appear there by the late 7th century, and in the 8th century, during the Carolingian period, stone buildings were erected over the Roman shrine. They may have been for the use of the king&#39;s representatives.</p><br>
<p>In the 9th century, Lorsch Abbey built the first church there, on the main peak, incorporating Roman construction; it was dedicated to Michael the archangel. The first written mention of the Heiligenberg, as "Aberinesberg", dates to around 870, when abbot Thiotroch of Lorsch Abbey founded a monastery at the site of a former Carolingian royal estate. The church was first mentioned in 890/1.</p><br>
<p>Ruins of an early Romanesque church survive; the east end dates to the late 10th century and the western sections to c. 1030. The Monastery of St. Michael was founded there in 1023, attributed to Abbot Regimbald. In 1090 a monk named Arnold established a shrine on the lower summit, and a second monastery dedicated to St Stephen, a provostship, was founded there in 1094. A noblewoman called Hazecha was buried there in 1100; her gravestone is the oldest known medieval inscription in Heidelberg. In the mid-13th century the two monasteries were transferred from Lorch to the Archbishopric of Mainz and in 1265 the Benedictines there were replaced by Premonstratensians from All Saints Abbey in the Black Forest, after which the name was changed to Allerheiligen-Berg (all saints mountain), the ancestor of its present name. The political conflict concerning the archdiocese resulted in the destruction of the church in 1460, and the tower at the north end collapsed in 1503. Jakob Micyllus described the Monastery of St. Michael as a ruin in 1537, and the oldest depiction of it, by Matthäus Merian in his Topographia Palatinatus of 1645, shows it in ruins, but with most of the walls and the crossing tower still standing.</p><br>
<p>At the Reformation, in 1555, the Count Palatine took possession of both monasteries. In 1589, St. Stephen&#39;s was bestowed on Heidelberg University; the Senate decided to raze it and sell the stones.</p><br>
<p>Since 2012 Heiligenberg has been protected from excavation by the state of Baden-Württemberg.</p><br>
<h2>Structures and remains of structures on the Heiligenberg</h2><br>
<h3>Celtic hill fort</h3><br>
<p>There are traces of a double-walled Celtic hill fort constructed in the 4th century BCE.</p><br>
<h3>Heidenloch</h3><br>
<p>The so-called Heidenloch (heathen hole) is a pit 55 m deep, of unknown age and purpose. It has been suggested that it is a Roman well or cistern.</p><br>
<h3>Monastery of St. Michael and traces of Roman temple</h3><br>
<p>The ruins of the basilica church of the Monastery of St. Michael, built in 1023, are on the primary summit. Within the nave are traces of the Roman temple of Mercury.</p><br>
<h3>Monastery of St. Stephen</h3><br>
<p>The ruins of the Monastery of St. Stephen, built at the end of the 11th century, are on the lower summit.</p><br>
<h3>Heiligenberg Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Heiligenberg Tower was built in the 19th century as a lookout tower, using stones from the Monastery of St. Stephen.</p><br>
<h3>Bismarck Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Bismarck Tower was built in 1903 as a monument to Otto von Bismarck. It is one of the Bismarck towers constructed after Wilhelm Kreis design, intended to have a flame lit at the top. It is on the south slope of the Heiligenberg overlooking the Philosophers Way.</p><br>
<h3>Thingstätte</h3><br>
<p>During the Third Reich, the Heidelberg Thingstätte open-air theatre was constructed in 1934/5 on the ridge between the Heiligenberg and the Michaelsberg as part of the Thingspiel movement. It is once more in use as a venue for open-air events.</p><br>
<p>The Herzogenhorn is a mountain, in the southwest German state of Baden-Württemberg. It lies within a nature reserve in the municipality of Bernau im Schwarzwald.</p><br>
<h2>Location and surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>The Herzogenhorn is the source region for three streams, the Krunkelbach, the Kriegsbach and the Prägbach, which discharge into the Wiese.</p><br>
<h2>Height</h2><br>
<p>The Herzogenhorn is the third highest mountain in the Black Forest, after the Feldberg and the Seebuck.</p><br>
<p>If the Baldenweger Buck is counted, the Herzogenhorn is only the fourth highest point in the Black Forest. But if only mountains with a prominence of 100 metres are counted as independent peaks, it becomes the second highest after the Feldberg.</p><br>
<p>The Herzogenhorn is the highest mountain in the Black Forest to have a summit cross.</p><br>
<h2>Routes to the summit</h2><br>
<p>On the Herzogenhorn is an extensive network of trails. The mountain is usually ascended from Bernau, from Menzenschwand (roughly heading over the Spießhorn Pass), or from the Feldberg Pass via the Grafenmatt. The two mountain ridges radiating from the Herzogenhorn, south towards St. Blasien and west via the Bernauer Kreuz to Hasenhorn near Todtnau are popular hiking areas.</p><br>
<p>From the Herzogenhorn, as well as the Feldberg to the north and Belchen to the west, there is a panoramic view in fine weather of the chain of the Alps from the Zugspitze to the southeast to Mont Blanc to the southwest. To the west are the Vosges may be seen beyond the Rhine Plain. The prominent high summit cross of the Herzogenhorn is about 75 minutes walk from the Feldberg Pass.</p><br>
<p>There are two restaurants on the mountain: one attached to the Herzogenhorn National Training Centre, a training centre for high-performance sports and the Krunkelbach Hut south-east of the summit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is already mentioned in a 1328 scroll as "des herzogen horne" as a point on the boundary of the abbey of St. Blaise The first primitive fortifications probably date to the time around the Thirty Years&#39; War, whilst the construction of the fortification line of schanzen on the mountain is attributed to Margrave Louis William, "Turkish Louis". In 1904, the Mannheim branch of the Black Forest Club built the Mannheim-Ludwigshafen Hut, but this burned down on 28 January 1911. The Herzogenhorn inn was bought in 1957 from the Black Forest Ski Club, was converted and then opened on 22 October 1967 as the new National Training Centre. On 1 January 1979, the first 5 km, ladies cross-country skiing World Cup races in Europe took place on the Herzogenhorn after the Brend ski club had to move due to lack of snow. During the Second World War, military exercises were carried out on the Herzogenhorn and Baldenweger Buck, for example for snipers. In the vicinity of the National Training Centre is the Molerhüsli in which Freiburg artist, Karl Hauptmann, lived and worked from 1920 until his death in 1947. Another artist who worked on the Herzogenhorn worked was Wilhelm Heimer Wickert (1886-1968).</p><br>
<h2>Winter Sports</h2><br>
<h3>Cross-country skiing</h3><br>
<p>On the Herzogenhorn is an extensive network of cross country skiing training trails. The routes starting at the National Training Centre (about 15–20 km, depending on snow conditions) lead in tight loops across the hilly plateau between the Herzogenhorn, Grafenmatt and Silberberg and are the highest loipen in the Black Forest (approx ). They are therefore often used for training. The trails, which are all challenging, are accessible from the Feldberg Pass over the Grafenmatt lift or by crossing the alpine slopes of Grafenmatt in about 20 minutes on a groomed forest path.</p><br>
<h3>Downhill skiing</h3><br>
<p>The Alpine skiing area is not on the Herzogenhorn itself, but on the slopes between the neighbouring Grafenmatt and the Feldberg Pass. Below the Herzogenhorn is, however, the start of the "Hinterwaldabfahrt", a 7-km-long downhill run into the Wiese valley, that ends in Todtnau.</p><br>
